Construction Materials and Methods

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The Construction Materials & Methods Team focuses on a range of materials for construction of structural and non-structural elements along with numerous construction technologies. Further to analyzing the performance of conventional construction materials, we are interested in inventing green materials for load bearing and non-structural applications that can improve the thermo-mechanical performance of the buildings. Mud Concrete, Cement stabilized earth, timber, aerated concrete, and bamboo are some of the novel materials currently explored by our team. Another key area that is presently being focused is retrofitting of structures against extreme forces of nature. Our team uses a numerical modeling approach to analyze the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the developed materials and its applications.

PUBLICATIONS
JOURNALS
  1. Ariyaratne, K.P.I.E., Jayasinghe, C., Jayasinghe, M.T.R. and Walker, P. (2020) ‘Assessment of Seismic Performance of Earth masonry with Shaking Table Tests and Finite Element Modelling’, MI Journal, 32.
  2. Platt, S.L., Erandi, I., Jayasinghe, C., Jayasinghe, M.T.R., Maskell, D., Ranasinghe, G. and Walker, P. (2020) ‘ Improving the lateral load resistance of vernacular masonry walls subject to flooding’, in Construction Materials. ICE Publishing, pp. 12. https://doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.20.00004
  3. Nandapala, K., Chandra, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. (2020) ‘A study on the feasibility of a new roof slab insulation system in tropical climatic conditions’, Energy and Buildings, 208, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109653
  4. Mendis, M.S., Rajapaksha, M. and Halwatura, R.U. (2020) ‘Unleashing the Potentials of Traditional Construction Technique in Bio-climatic Building Designs: A case of Ambalam, Sri Lanka’ International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 11(6), pp. 298-304.
  5. Chandra, M.S., Nandapala, K., Weerasinghe, K.A.B., Priyadarshana, G., Liyanarathne, B.K.S.W. and Halwatura, R.U. (2019) ‘An engineering approach towards the traditional beliefs in house construction’, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 21, pp. 367-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-019-00215-0
  6. Chandra, M.S., Nandapala, K. and Halwatura, R.U. (2020) ‘Developing a durable thermally insulated roof slab system using bamboo insulation panels’, International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 10, pp. 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-019-0308-x
  7. Mendis, M.S., Halwatura, R.U., Somadeva, D.R.K., Jayasinghe, R.A. and Gunawardana, M. (2019) ‘Influence of timber grain distribution on orientation of saw cuts during application: Reference to heritage structures in Sri Lanka’, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 11. Pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00237
  8. Galabada, G.H., Rajapaksha, M., Arooz, F.R. and Halwatura, R.U. (2019) ‘Identifying the Impact of Concrete Specimens Size and Shape on Compressive Strength: A case study of Mud Concrete’, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9(5), pp.4667-4672. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40274-7_10
  9. Galabada G.H., Rajapaksha. M. and Halwatura, R.U. (2019) ‘Identifying the impact of specimen’s size and shape on compressive strength; a case of mud concrete’ Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9(5), pp. 4667-4672.
  10. Jayasinghe, M.T.R. and Jayasinghe, C. (2018) ‘Semi-tiered housing for laterite earth sloping – A sustainable solution with alternative materials and methods’, Journal of Green Building, 13(1), pp. 56-72. https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.1.56
  11.  Jayasinghe, C., Jayasinghe, M.T.R., Dissanayake, B. and Jayathilake, D. (2018) ‘Use of Recycled Building Demolition waste stabilized rammed earth’, Journal of International Masonry Society, 31(1), pp. 17-26.
  12. Udawattha, C., De Silva, D.E., Galkanda, H. and Halwatura, R.U. (2018) ‘Performance of natural polymers for stabilizing earth blocks’ Materialia, 2, pp. 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2018.07.019
  13. Herath, H., Halwatura, G.Y. and Jayasinghe, G.Y. (2018) ‘Modeling a tropical urban context with green walls and green roofs as an ruban adaptation strategy’, Procedia Engineering, 212, 691-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.089
  14. Arooz, F.R. and Halwatura, R.U. (2018) ‘Mud-concrete block (MCB): mix design & durability characteristics’ Case Studies in Construction Materials, 8, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.12.004
  15. Udawattha, C., Galabada, H. and Halwatura, R.U. (2018) ‘Mud concrete paving block for pedestrian pavements’ Case Studies in Construction Materials, 7, pp. 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.08.005
  16. Udawattha, C. and Halwatura, R.U. (2017) ‘Life cycle cost of different Walling material used for affordable housing in tropics’ Case Studies in Construction Materials, 7, pp. 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.04.005
  17. Udawatthda, C. and Halwatura, R.U. (2017) ‘Geopolymerized self-compacting mud concrete masonry units’ Case Studies in Construction Materials, 9, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2018.e00177
  18.  Fernando, P.L.N., Jayasinghe, M.T.R. and Jayasinghe, C. (2017) ‘A structural feasibility of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) based lightweight concrete sandwich wall panels’, Construction and Building Materials, 139, pp. 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.027
  19.  Dissanayake, D.M.K.W., Jayasinghe, C. and Jayasinghe M.T.R. (2017) ‘A Comparative embodied energy analysis of a house with recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) based foam concrete wall panels’ Energy and Buildings, 135, pp. 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.044
  20. Kariyawasam, K.K.G.K.D. and Jayasinghe, C. (2016) ‘Cement stabilized rammed earth as a sustainable construction material’, Construction and Building Materials, 105, pp. 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.189
  21. Jayasinghe, C., Fonseka, W.M.C.D.J. and Abeygunawardene, Y.M. (2016) ‘Load bearing properties of composite masonry constructed with recycled building demolition waste and cement stabilized rammed earth’, Construction and Building Materials, 102, pp. 471-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.136
  22. Udawattha, C. and Halwatura, R.U. (2016) ‘Thermal performance and structural cooling analysis of brick, cement block, and mud concrete block’ Advances in Building Energy Research, 12(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2016.1257438
  23. Nandapala, K. and Halwatura, R.U. (2016) ‘Design of a Durable Roof Slab Insulation System for Tropical Climatic Conditions’ Cogent Engineering, 3(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2016.1196526
  24. Udawattha, C. and Halwatura, R.U. (2016) ‘Embodied Energy of Mud Concrete Block (MCB) Versus Brick and Cement Blocks’ Energy and Buildings, 126, pp. 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.059
  25. Jayasinghe C. and Perera, T.M. (2015) ‘Dispersion Model for VOC emissions from solvent based paints’, International Journal of Engineering, 4, pp. 44-56.
BOOKS
  1. Nandapala, K., Chandra, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. (2018) ‘Roof Slab Insulation System for Tropical Climatic Conditions’ LAMBERT Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-613-9-98025-3.
  2. C. Jayasinghe,  “Structural Design of Earth Buildings”, published in collaboration with Eco Ceylon Limited, Sri Lanka, 119 pages, 2009. (ISBN 978-955-51805-0-4).
CHAPTERS
  1. Kharoti, I., Walker, P. and Jayasinghe, C. (2019) ‘Durability of Rammed Earth: A Comparative Study of Spray Erosion Testing and Natural Weathering’, Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore, pp. 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_28
  2. Ariyaratne, K.P.I.E. and Jayasinghe, C. (2019) ‘Alternative Methods in Numerical Modelling of Earth Masonry Under Seismic Loading’, Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore, pp. 305-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_27
  3. Udawattha, C. and Halwatura, R.U. (2018) ‘Alternative Stabilizer for Mud Concrete’ Cement Based Materials, 10, pp. 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76065
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
  1. Gunawardhana, S.A.A., Galkanda, G.A.H.H. and Halwatura, R.U ‘Investigation of Fungus Growth and Moss Growth on Different Wall Care Putty Materials Along with Different Walling Materials’, in Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, 2020. pp. 96-101.
  2. Galabada, H., Galkanda, H., Dharmaratne, P.D. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Mud Concrete with Coconut Fiber Reinforcement’, in Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, 2020, pp. 102-106.
  3. Sudeshika, D.M.P., Mendis, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Investigation on the Mechanical Property variation on timber caused due to the Thermal and Chemical Modification’, in Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, 2020, pp. 78-83.
  4. Suluxan, S., Nanayakkara, I., Arooz, R. and Halwatura, R.U ‘A Preliminary Study on Fabric Formwork for a Mud-Concrete Slab System’ in Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, 2020, pp. 84-89.
  5. Muthukumara, S.A.U.R., Jayasinghe, G.Y. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Wild Grass Types as Green Roofing Materials for Urban Landscapes in a Tropical Climate’, in Proceedings of the 24th International Forestry and Environment Symposium, Jayawardenepura, 2019.
  6. Dissanayake, D.M.N.A., Mendis, M.S., Halwatura, R.U. and Jayasinghe, G.Y. ‘Investigation on Chemical insertion and physical property changes of sunken timber; Terminalia arjuna along with River water in Sri Lanka’, in International Symposium on Agriculture & Environment, Ruhuna, 28th February 2019, pp. 20.
  7. Mendis, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Decoding the societal on environmental innovation under vernacular timber construction practice in Sri Lanka’, in 2019 From Innovation to Impact (FITI), Colombo, 22nd November 2019.
  8. Mendis, M.S., Arooz, R. and Halwatura, R.S. ‘Being Innovation Through Mud-concrete (MC) Technology’, in 2019 From Innovation to Impact (FITI), Colombo, 22nd November 2019.
  9. Galabada, H. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘A preliminary study on the use of soil as a floor finishing material’, in 2019 From Innovation to Impact (FITI), Colombo, 22nd November 2019.
  10. Jayasinghe, G.Y. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Utilization of Sustainable Timber Materials for Innovative Green Building Solutions’ in the International Research Conference of Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka, 2019.
  11. Jayasinghe, R.R., Nanayakkara, K.I.U., Arooz, F.R. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Catalan Vault Inspired Earthen Slab System for Houses in Sri Lanka: Form-Finding’ in International Research Symposium, Sri Lanka, 2019, pp. 8-13.
  12. Sudeshika, D.M.P., Mendis, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘A study on mostly abundantly utilized timber for structural application in Sri Lanka’ FARU - 12th International Research Conference, Colombo, 2019, pp. 107-114.
  13. Mendis, M.S., Rajapaksha, M. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Unleashing the potentials of traditional construction technique in bio-climatic building designs; a case of Ambalam, Sri Lanka’ in 4th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development (ACESD), Japan, 9th to 11th November, 2019.
  14. Galabada, G.H., Rajapaksha, M. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Paving Materials for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Tropics; A Comparative Study On Mud Concrete Paving’, in, 4th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development (ACESD), Japan, 9th to 11th November, 2019.
  15. Janaka, K.G., Jayasinghe, C. and De Silva, G.T.R. ‘Resource optimization with the use of precast slab system’, in International Conference on Civil Engineering Applications’, Sri Lanka, 2019.
  16.  Ranasinghe, R.M.G.B. and Jayasinghe, C. (2019) ‘Thermal performance of aerated concrete block’, in International Conference on Civil Engineering Applications’, Sri Lanka, 2019.
  17. Sampath, O.M.D.P. and Jayasinghe, C. ‘Enhancement of lateral load resistance of earth walls with GFRP retrofitting’ in International Conference on Civil Engineering Applications’, Sri Lanka, 2019.
  18. Jayasinghe, M.T.R., Kariyawasam, K.K.G.K.D. and Jayasinghe, C. ‘Cost effective building systems for rapid construction in tropical climates’, in 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment (ICSBE2016), 16-18 December 2016, Kandy, pp. 119-123.
  19. Galabada, H. and Halwatura, R.U., ‘Performance of paving materials in outdoor landscaping’, in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment (ICSBE), Kandy, Sri Lanka, 13th – 15th December 2018.
  20. Liyanarathne, B.L.S.W., Ranasinghe, W.M.N.D. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Form development of clay module for optimize evaporative cooling with wind flow’ in 11th International Research Conference, Sustainability for people – envisaging multi-disciplinary solutions, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2018.
  21. Galkanda, H., Udawattha, C. Halwatura, R.U. ‘Improve intrinsic properties of walling materials to create occupant comfort’ in 11th International Research Conference, Sustainability for people – envisaging multi-disciplinary solutions, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2018.
  22. Arooz, F.R., Perera, T.H., Chandra, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Experimental investigation on the optimal lifting height of a self-compacting in-situ cast mud-concrete load-bearing wall segment’ in 11th International Research Conference, Sustainability for people – envisaging multi-disciplinary solutions, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2018.
  23. Nandapala, K., Chandra, M.S. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Effectiveness of a discretely supported slab insulation system in terms of thermal performance’ in 11th International Research Conference, Sustainability for people – envisaging multi-disciplinary solutions, Moratuwa, 2018.
  24. Dissanayake, D.M.N.A., Mendis, M.S., Jayasinghe, G.Y. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Possible cellular structural and chemical changes of timber under water’ in International forestry and environment symposium, Sri Jayawardanapura, 2018.
  25. Galkanda, G.A.H.H., Udawattha, C, Jayasinghe, G.Y. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Comparative study of fungal and moss growth effect on different walling materials in tropics’ in Wayamba International Conference, Wayamba, Sri Lanka, 2018.
  26. Udawattha, C., Akmeemama, L. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Mud Concrete’ in 4th International Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2018.
  27. Udawattha, C., Galkanda, H. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Study on Natural Rain Surface Erosion of Different Walling Materials in Tropics’ in 4th International Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2018.
  28. Udawattha, C., Halwatura, R.U. ‘Use of fly ash as alternative stabilizer for Mud Concrete Block’, in the Annual International Research Conference of General Sir John Kotelawa Defence University, 2017.
  29. Udawattha, C., Halwatura, R.U. ‘Character of Lime as an Alternative Stabilizer to Improve the Long-Term Strength of Mud Concrete Block’ in 8th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (ICSECM2017), Kandy, Sri Lanka, 2017.
  30. Udawattha, C., Jayasinghe, D. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Investigation of bottom ash as alternative stabilizer for Mud Concrete Block’ in the Annual International Research Conference of General Sir John Kotelawa Defence University, 2017.
  31. Bandara, D.M.H., Arooz, F.R. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Effect of Gravel size on strength of Mud-Concrete’ in Civil Engineering symposium of University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017.
  32. Arooz, F. R., Udawattha, C. and Halwatura, R. U. ‘Community empowerment through Mud-Concrete technology Sustainable building techniques to revitalize the war victim communities in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka’ in World Sustainable Built Environment Conference , 17, Hong Kong, Construction Industry Council and Hong Kong Green Building Council Limited, 2017.
  33. Arooz, F. R., Babilegedara, T. D. and Halwatura, R. U. ‘Effect of Aggregate Percentage on Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting In-Situ Cast Mud - Concrete Load Bearing Walls’ in 3rd International Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2017.
  34. Bandara, B.V.D., Arooz, F.R. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Investigation of thermal optimization of Mud-Concrete’ in Civil Engineering symposium of University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2016.
  35. Udawattha, C. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Comparative Study of Embodied Energy in Different Walling Materials’ in Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium, Sri Jayawardenapura, Sri Lanka, 2016.
  36. Udawattha, C., Arooz, F.R. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘New earth walling material: Integrating modern technology into ancient mud wall’ in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 16th to 18th December 2016.
  37. Udawattha, C., Arooz, F. R. and Halwatura, R. U. ‘Energy Content of walling materials- A comparison of Mud Concrete Blocks, Bricks Cabook and Cement Blocks in Tropics’ in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 16th to 18th December 2016.
  38. Arooz, F. R., & Halwatura, R. U. ‘Mud-Concrete Block - A sustainable building material for green construction in developing countries’ in National Green Conference of University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016.
  39. Udawattha, C., Arooz, F. R. and Halwatura, R. U. ‘Manufacturing framework and cost optimization for Building Mud-Concrete Blocks. In Science for the people’ in Mobilizing Modern Technologies for Sustainable Development in Asia, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2016. pp. 326–331.
  40. Suja, A.C.A. and Halwatura, R.U. ‘Developing a Mud block for load bearing wall with 10% cement and low fines content’ in International Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 5th to 6th April, 2016.
  41. Dissanayake, D.M.K.W. and Jayasinghe. ‘Embodied Energy Analysis of a Pre-cast building system’, in 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Kandy, 2015, pp. 185-191.
  42. Fernando, P.L.N. and Jayasinghe, C. ‘Structural feasibility of a pre-cast building system’, in 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Kandy, 2015, pp. 181-186.
  43. Fonseka, R., Baskaran, K. and Ekanayake, L.L. (2014). ‘Study on Waterproofing Methods Used for Concrete Slabs’. In Proceedings of Civil Engineering Research Symposium, Sri Lanka.
THESES
  1. Ranasinghe, R.M.G.B. (2020) ‘Retrofitting of walls as a flood resistance measure in masonry houses’
  2. Arooz. F.R. (2019) ‘In-situ Mud-Concrete as a material for load-bearing walls and sustainable building practices.
  3. Wanniarachchi, C. (2018) ‘Influence of incompetent people to structural designs of houses, its impact on structural failures and ways to overcome in the context of house construction Industry in Sri Lanka’.
  4. Janaka, K.G. (2018) ‘Resource Optimization with the use of Precast Slab System’.
  5. Kulatunga, D.D.C.D. (2018) ‘Effectiveness of using roller bit buckets to minimize ground vibration generation in bored piling’.
  6. Jaysinghe, T.W.A.S.L. (2018) ‘The Effectiveness of Building Information Modeling & Sri Lankan Construction Industry’.
  7. Bandaranayake, B.M.S.D. (2018) ‘Mud Concrete as an Alternative Paving Material’

 

PATENTS
  1. Mud concrete block - Patent No: 17616
  2. Mud paving block - Patent No: 17803
  3. Self-compacting in-situ mud-concrete load bearing wall system - Patent No: 18762
  4. Modular Formwork system for in-situ cast walls made out of self compacting soil-based materials - Patent No: 18879
  5. Rubber stabilized earth block for load bearing walls - Patent no: 19379
  6. Fly Ash stabilized self-compacting earth blocks for load bearing walls - Patent no: 19495
  7. Geo Polymerized self-compacting mud block – Patent No: 19567
ONGOING RESEARCH
  1. Structural behavior of the doubly curved shell structure using Mud-Concrete (MC)
  2. Decoding the potentials of vernacular timber preservation technology for structural application.
  3. Development of soil based flooring material for tropics.
  4. A dynamic clay wall panel system for indoor cooling.
  5. Development of Soil Based Wall Putty for Tropics.
  6. Development of a composite partitioning wall panel using Coconut Fiber reinforced polymer composite.
  7. Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Cost analysis for the Roofing materials available in Sri Lanka.
  8. In-situ Mud-Concrete as a material for load-bearing walls and sustainable building practices.
PROJECTS
  1. Constructing 750 houses using Mud Concrete Block in North East funded by European Union, Sri Lanka, 2017.
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS
  1. Prof. (Mrs.) C. Jayasinghe, Sri Lankan collaborator for the Global Challenges Research Fund Networking Grant United Kingdom, for “Enhanced Earth based building materials network for housing targeted the low income population (Earth4Nest) in March 2018 (successfully completed) with University of Bath, United Kingdom.
INDUSTRIAL COLLABORATION
  1. Dr. L.L. Ekanayake has provided technical expertise on leak repairing, sealing and renovation at Water Treatment Plant in Ambathale, Ibbankatuwa Dam in Dambulla, Labugama Reservoir Intake Dry well and tanks of NWSDB in Katugasthota.
  2. Dr. L.L. Ekanayake has delivered technical expertise on waterproofing work in White Ways Building (Central Bank) and Gaffor Building in Colombo.
  3. Dr. L.L. Ekanayake has provided technical expertise on concrete crack repair injection work in Victoria, underwater crack injection work in the sluice tower of Senanayake Samudraya and renovation on washed concrete in Minipe Left Bank Channel gated structures and Heenganga aqueduct.
  4. Technical expertise for renovation of roof slab insulation work at Galadari Hotel, Colombo.
CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  1. Prof. (Mrs.) C. Jayasinghe has developed the Green labelling framework for building materials in collaboration with Construction Industry Development Authority (CIDA)
  2. Prof. (Mrs.) C. Jayasinghe has introduced construction waste as a building material in collaboration with National Building Research Organization (NBRO)
  3. Cement stabilized rammed and compressed stabilized earth sustainable materials were introduced by Prof. (Mrs.) C. Jayasinghe after a comprehensive research programme with international collaborations.
  4. Prof. (Mrs.) C. Jayasinghe carried out detailed research on alternative building materials including compressed straw panels (Durra), micro concrete roofing tiles, chipped concrete roofing tiles and precast building systems which resulted in widespread use of such sustainable materials in large projects. The outcome of the research paved the way to obtain the government approvals for such materials.
  5. Prof. (Mrs.) C. Jayasinghe has drafted the Sri Lanka Standards (SLS) for Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB) (SLS 1382: 2009; Parts 1, 2, and 3)

 

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